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DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT. 


The Monument is built of Quincy granite throughout, and is a six 
sided monolith set on a base of the same shape; the monolith is twelve 
feet high, six feet diameter at base, tapering to three feet six inches at 
the top. The sides are undressed, showing th£ rough and natural 
fracture of the stone; where inscriptions are placed the surface is 
dressed and polished, the lettering being unpolished. At each corner 
<f the hexagon is a bronze lance with pennant; the lances rest on the 
oase and are secured to the corners of shaft by bronze brackets. 

On one side of the shaft is the keystone of Pennsylvania with the 
title of the regiment inscribed thereon, and underneath this, inserted in 
the stone, is a bronze placque representing the coat-of-arms of the State. 
On the other sides are polished discs, in each of which is a monogram 
made of the initial letters and figure composing the title of the regi¬ 
ment. The base on which the monolith rests is also hexagonal, being 
three feet high and about eight feet in diameter, making the total height 
of the Monument fifteen feet from the ground. The top of the base 
is bevelled so as to conform to the bottom of the shaft which it supports; 
the bevelled sides of the base have a polished surface, on these surfaces 
are various inscriptions relating to and descriptive of the history of the 
regiment, events and casualties that occurred during the action. On 
the vertical sides of the base the stone is left undressed in the same 
manner as the sides of the shaft. The design of the Monument is 
intended to be merely commemorative, the six sides representing the 
number of the regiment, the keystone the emblem of the State, and 
the lances the arm that rendered the regiment distinctive. 








1861 


1865 . 



DEDICATION OF THE MONUMENT 


OF VhE 

SixtJi Penna. Cavalry 


“LANCERS 


J 


ON THE 


BATTLEFIELD Of GETTYSBURG, 
October 14, 1888. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

1889. 


















































ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT. 

1861 . 


Field and Staff. 


Colonel . 

Lieutenant- Colonel 
Majors . 

Adjutant 

Quartermaster 

Surgeons 

Chaplain 


Richard Henry Rush. 
John IT. McArthur. 

C. Ross Smith. 

Robert Morris, jr. 
Frederick C. Newhall 
Thomas E. Maley. 
William Moss. 

Charles M. Ellis. 
Washington B. Erben. 


George E. Clymer. 
William P. C. Treichel. 
John H, Gardiner. 


Captains. 

Henry C. Whelan. 
Joseph Wright. 

J. Henry Hazeltine. 
Robert Milligan. 


Benoni Lockwood. 
James Starr. 
Howard Ellis. 


Augustus Bertolette. 
R. Walsh Mitchell. 
Charles L. Leiper. 


First Lieutenants. 

Henry P. Muirhead. 
Samuel Hazzard, jr. 
G. Irvine Whitehead 
Charles E. Richards. 


Charles E. Cadwalader. 
Oswald Jackson. 

John W. Williams. 


William B. Call. 
William W. Frazier, jr. 
Emlen N. Carpenter 


Second Lieutenants. 

Charles B. Davis. 

J. Newton Dickson. 
J. Hinckley Clark. 
Edwin L. Tevis. 


William Odenheimer. 
Frank Furness. 
Thomas W. Neill. 










































































































































Soon after the Legislature of Pennsylvania made the appropriation 
for the monuments at Gettysburg to commemorate the services of its 
regiments in the decisive battle at that place, the Sixth Pennsylvania 
Cavalry Veteran Association appointed the following Committee to at¬ 
tend to that matter as far as its Regiment was concerned, viz., Captain 
William W. Frazier, jr., Captain Frank Furness, Colonel George 
Meade, William J. Kramer, and Frank D. Dorsey. The Committee 
at once got to work and recommended a design submitted by Captain 
Furness, which was adopted by the Veteran Association and approved 
by the State Battlefield Commission, who said that it was one of the 
most appropriate memorials that had been submitted to them. The 
contract was given to Mr. Garber, of West Philadelphia, to make and 
erect it on the battlefield. 

Captain Frazier, accompanied by Wm. J. Kramer, P. McNulty, J. 
W. Tintsman and J. H. Worrall, members of the Veteran Association, 
went to Gettysburg and located the proper site for the monument. 
Sufficient ground was secured and presented to the Association by 
Captain Frazier. It was determined to dedicate the monument on 
the 14th of October, 1S88. Through the exertions of Captain Fur¬ 
ness an extra low rate of fare was secured from the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company, and Wm. J. Kramer secured low rates of board, 
and most excellent accommodation at the hotel, and low carriage 
hire to and from the site of the monument. The total cost of the 
round trip under these arrangements was seven dollars. These par¬ 
ticulars are given to show how faithfully the Committee performed 
its duties. In extending the invitations to the dedication ceremon¬ 
ies it was endeavored by the Committee to reach everyone who 
had ever been attached to the Regiment, who was still living and 
whose whereabouts could be found, and also some representative of 
the families of those officers who had been killed or died during the 
war, or who had died since. There were, besides, a number of the war 


4 


friends of the Regiment that the Committee felt they would like to 
have with them on this occasion, or at least let them know that they 
still remembered their pleasant associations with them of the past; and 
through Colonel Meade invitations to go to Gettysburg with the Regi¬ 
ment were sent to upwards of one hundred of these latter, from many 
of whom most gratifying and complimentary acknowledgments were 
received. 

Replies expressing gratification at being remembered and regrets at 
their inability to attend were received from Mrs. J. Newton Dickson; 
General Wesley Merritt, U.S.A.; General D. McM. Gregg; General 
Henry E. Davies ; General T. F. Rodenbough, U.S.A. ; General N. B. 
Sweitzer, U.S.A. ; General Henry J. Hunt, U.S.A. ; Colonel Geo. 
Alex. Forsyth, U.S.A. ; Colonel J. P. Taylor; Colonel W. B. Royall, 
U.S.A.; Colonel C. McK. Leoser; Colonel Tatnall Paulding ; General 
R. B. Ricketts; Colonel J. P. Nicholson; Colonel W. Brooke-Rawle, 
Colonel Theo. Lyman ; Colonel R. H. Rush ; Colonel J. H. McArthur, 
U.S.A. ; Colonel C. Ross Smith; Major G. W. Clymer; Major W. P. 
C. Treichel; Surgeon Wm. Moss; Captain Henry Winsor; Lieutenant 
Thompson Lennig ; Lieutenant Charles White; Mr. Charles H. Kirk; 
Hon. John C. Ropes, and others. 

All arrangements having been completed, the survivors of the Regi¬ 
ment and their friends, about one hundred strong, started for Gettys¬ 
burg at noon of October 13th, and arrived there safely about six 
o’clock in the evening, and went at once to the quarters provided for 
them. The evening after supper was spent by the members of the 
party in divers ways and sundry known to old soldiers, maintaining, 
though, proper decorum and gaining the respect of the townspeople, 
who, through their Burgess, told the officers of the Regiment on the 
following Monday before leaving for home, that the visit had been 
a pleasure to them, and that the Regiment had observed their laws, 
treated the Sabbath with due respect and conducted themselves in 
every way to their entire satisfaction, and they hoped they would come 
again. 


5 


ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT. 

JUNE, i863 . 


Field and Staff. 


Colonel . 

Lieutenant- Colonel 
Majors . 

Adjutant 
Quartermaster 
Commissary . 
Surgeons 

Chaplain 


Richard Heniy Rush. 
C. Ross Smith. 

Robert Morris, jr. 

J. Henry Hazeltine. 
Henry C. Whelan. 
Rudolph Ellis. 
Theodore Sage.* 
William Kirk.* 

John B. Coover. 
Thomas. S. Morrison. 
S. Levis Gracey. 


Captains . 


William P. C. Treichel. 
Benoni Lockwood. 
James Starr. 

Frederick C. Newhall. 


Charles E. Cadwalader. 
William W. Frazier, jr. 
Charles L. Leiper. 
Charles B. Davis. 


J. Newton Dickson. 
J. Hinckley Clark. 
Emlen N. Carpenter, 
Henry Winsor, jr.* 


R. Walsh Mitchell. 
G. Irvine Whitehead. 
Frank Furness. 
Thomas W. Neill. 


First Lieutenants. 

Albert P. Morrow.* 
John Riddle.* 
Edwin L. Tevis. 


Samuel Smith.* 
Eugene P. Bertrand.* 
John Hendricks.* 
Abraham D. Price.* 


Osgood Welsh. 
William White. 
Charles B. Coxe 
George Meade. 


Second Lieutenants. 

Thompson Lennig.* 
Thomas J. Gregg. 
Samuel R. Colladay.* 
Richard M. Sheppard.* 


Archer Maris.* 

Edward Whiteford. 
Philip H. Ellis.* 
Bernard IL Ilerkness.* 


* Promoted from the ranks. 


6 


The next morning, Sunday, October 14th, the party took carriages 
and proceeded to the site upon which the monument had been erected, 
which is on the eastern side of the Emmetsburg Pike, about four miles 
south of the town of Gettysburg. 


1861. 1SG5. 

ORDER OF EXERCISES 


Dedication of Monument, Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 

“ Lancers.” 

GETTYSBURG, October 14, 1888. 


Assembly.Trumpeter Ellis Pugh. 

First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. 

Invocation.Chaplain S. L. Gracey. 

Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry. 

Presentation Address . . Colonel Frederick C. Newiiall. 

Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry. 

UNVEILING OF MONUMENT. 

“ Echoes of the Field ”.Trumpeter. 

Address, Reception of Monument . Colonel J. B. Bachelder. 

Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

Finale.Trumpeter. 


Committee of Arrangements. 

Captain William W. Frazier, jr. Captain Frank Furness. 

Colonel George Meade. Frank D. Dorsey. 

William J. Kramer. 


When all had assembled, Trumpeter Ellis Pugh (First Troop Phila¬ 
delphia City Cavalry), sounded the “ Assembly.” The Rev. Dr. Samuel 
Levis Cracey, Chaplain of the Regiment during the last three years of 
the war, asked the Divine blessing upon the undertaking in the follow¬ 
ing beautiful and appropriate words. 

“Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou who art from everlast¬ 
ing to everlasting, the Cod of Battles and the God of Peace and love, 
into Thy presence we come this morning with reverent and grateful 





7 


hearts. We bless Thee that after the lapse of so many years, we are 
again permitted to assemble on this historic field. We are impressed 
by the contrast of the hush of this quiet Sabbath morning, and those 
fearful days of carnage and death when we last met on this ground. 
What thrilling memories come crowding to our minds as we meet each 
other again. Then the sounds of war and alarm, of suffering and 
anxiety were in all the land. Now the banners of peace float in every 
breeze. Then these plains trembled under the shock of battle, and 
the groans of the dying were borne to our ears; now the calm quiet of 
Sabbath peace fills the air, and the blue-bird builds in the cannon’s 
mouth. If in the joy of our reunion there is a tinge of sadness, it is 
because we miss from our assembly some who kept step with us in the 
march, and shared our trials and our triumphs in the long ago. We 
crave Thy blessing upon the wives and dear ones of our fallen com¬ 
rades, whose thoughts will turn to this reunion, and whose eyes will be 
dimmed and hearts saddened because the ones they loved are not with 
us to-day. May Thy peace be in their souls and Thy great comfort fill 
their hearts and homes. 

We crave Thy blessing upon the Nation we here fought to preserve 
from dismemberment. May this monument we now dedicate ever stand 
as a symbol of loving patriotic devotion to country; and as it lifts its head 
to heaven in beauty of architecture, may its silent tongue ever teach 
the people who shall come after us lessons of intense loyalty, and in¬ 
spire with courage and devotion in the discharge of every duty. These 
monuments shall be the altars of our country, at which we and our 
children after us shall pledge ourselves to our country, and to the wel¬ 
fare of all the people. Here noble men went down to death that the 
Union might live, and freedom be the common heritage of all who 
dwell beneath the starry flag. As the feet of pilgrims from all parts of 
the earth may rest here for a little while, in the ages to come may every 
sojourner realize a higher manhood because of the heroic deeds here 
enacted. 

We now dedicate this monument in eternal recognition of courage, 
loyalty, patriotism, and in the most fraternal spirit towards all that is 
good and true and great. Preserve in our hearts and in the hearts of 
our children a high sense of appreciation of the deeds of daring here 
displayed, and the immense offering of life and blood on this field 


8 


for the perpetuity of a free and just goverment. May our future 
paths be directed by Thy wisdom until, all our marches done, we may 
answer in eternity to the Assembly as we have answered the bugle-call 
to-day, and forever mingle on the plains of the paradise of God ; which 
we ask in Jesus’ name.” 

The formal presentation of the monument to the Battlefield Memo¬ 
rial Association, and address to the Regimental Association was made 
by Colonel Frederick C. Newhall. It was listened to by all with the 
greatest satisfaction, and called forth frequent applause. 


Address of Colonel Frederick C. Newhall. 

Comrades, Ladies and Friends of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry: 

We are here to dedicate, and with becoming ceremony turn over to 
the proper authorities, the memorial stone of our regiment, authorized 
and paid for by the State, to commemorate our part and portion in the 
Battle of Gettysburg. It was an excellent inspiration which led to the 
creation of the Gettysburg Battlefield Association, and the State and 
personal contributions for regimental and other memorials here spring 
from a patriotic and grateful impulse. Within certain limits, the privi¬ 
lege is granted to Confederate organizations to mark in the same way the 
ground on which they fought; and this is a striking illustration of high- 
spirited magnanimity towards those who struggled here so desperately to 
destroy the Union. But it seemed to me, as I have stood on some com¬ 
manding spot which overlooks the battle-field for miles around, that it 
would point a finer and more useful sentiment if along the heights and 
vales where the Union soldiers were arrayed, memorials like this should 
mark the various stations of that proud line of loyal men, and no re¬ 
minder anywhere should speak for the baffled host, which was shat¬ 
tered here in assaulting the Union — only the peaceful fields fading 
out to the dim mountain passes, through which the broken Confeder¬ 
ate army had long ago drifted away like a phantom, and left not a ves¬ 
tige behind it. 

And I hope yet to see on the battle-field in some fitting place, some 
dignified worthy memorial to the leader of the Union army; the glad 
recognition of his services in the Gettysburg days should yield some 


9 


token of remembrance here, as it has done already elsewhere*. Gettys¬ 
burg is called on our side the “soldier’s battle,” because in the nature 
of things it was mainly a defensive fight, where the soldier’s determina¬ 
tion to hold his ground was of more account for the time than the 
most skilful manoeuvres of military art r But this does not by any 
means imply that it was a battle without a leader. Providence seems 
to have created the field for the purpose, and to have brought the 
Army of the Potomac to it that a notable victory might be won. But, 
save by a palpable miracle, such a victory as Gettysburg is not to 
be won without the highest leadership, and no true soldier thinks that 
it could be. 

Let us remember, then, in dedicating our memorial stone, that 
first on the Gettysburg roll of honor is our commanding general — the 
clear-minded, firm-hearted Meade, who, perceiving here an opportu¬ 
nity which Heaven had given into his hands, trusted in God and the 
valor of the troops, and staked all for himself, his army, and his coun¬ 
try on this decisive battle, and won it. 

One memory, particularly concerning us, should beyond all question 
be perpetuated here. Many controversies have arisen over Gettys¬ 
burg ; but there is none as to the priceless services and sagacity of 
General Buford. The President of the Pennsylvana State Commission 
will bear me out when I say that I long ago urged some concentrated 
action by Buford’s command on this field, to erect a joint memorial to 
him and to their own organizations, rather than to dissipate in discon¬ 
nected mementos the record of fame which they earned with him in 
front of Gettysburg. One of our own regiment, writing of him lately, 
has said what we all feel to be true of Buford, though none of us 
might so happily express it. “He was one of those,” our comrade 
says, “who served faithfully through the heat and burden of the early 
days of the war, and died before the glory was distributed.” Buford 
himself, the very essence of modesty, winds up his story of the first 
day thus: “A hard task was before us; we were equal to it, and shall 
all remember with pride that at Gettysburg we did our country much 
service.” Never was prouder, juster claim more simply and becom¬ 
ingly expressed ! 

On this field, and for the occasion which has brought us together 
here, personal matters are small. But one who is allowed to speak for 


IO 


his comrades under such conditions should be able to justify of his 
own knowledge what he may say in their behalf. When, in the Fall of 
1861, with fat horses, full ranks, and almost gaudy regimental colors, 
we left Camp Meigs in the pleasant suburbs of Philadelphia for the 
seat of war near Washington, I had the honor to be the first adjutant 
of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry; and nearly four years later at Ap¬ 
pomattox Court House, when our regiment was represented by a few 
war-worn veterans, lean horses, and tattered colors which scarcely flap¬ 
ped in the wind, I had the honor to be the adjutant-general of that 
whole magnificent cavalry corps, the fame of whose splendid achieve¬ 
ments is yet ringing through the world. Therefore, I think I have the 
right to speak for the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, with which as 
second lieutenant, adjutant and captain I served almost two years, and 
for the cavalry corps as well, since I served with Stoneman, Pleasonton 
and Sheridan, from its organization in 1863 to the end of the war, 
having been assigned to staff duty without my knowledge or choice, for 
the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry was good enough for me. 

Nobody can respect the other branches of the service more than I 
do. I honor and admire beyond words the kneeling infantry skir¬ 
misher, keeping up his fire across the deadly “Devil’s Den,” below 
us,—the gallant line of Hancock repulsing Pickett’s charge,—the artil¬ 
lerists standing by their guns on the Ridge, giving shot for shot in such 
a storm of hostile fire as the world had never seen, or dragging their 
pieces over rocks and boulders to the summit of Little Round Top, to 
resist the seemingly resistless rush of Longstreet’s first advance towards 
that key-point of the battle-field. 

But in what I say now, I am speaking as a cavalry man for cavalry 
men, because in no other way can I make plain what I think to be our 
true relation to the Battle of Gettysburg. 

There is nothing so striking in the history of the cavalry corps, as 
our operations in the last campaign against Lee, and the earlier as well 
as the later operations of the Gettysburg campaign. 

Not very long ago, I had the pleasure to receive from a distin¬ 
guished French officer, the instructor of strategy in one of the great 
military academies of France, a letter in which he said that the opera¬ 
tions of Sheridan’s cavalry, in the last campaign against Lee, were 
used by him in his military lectures as a model for the best handling of 


I 


masses of cavalry in war, and I think that the operations of our cav¬ 
alry under Pleasonton in the Gettysburg campaign deserve as much at¬ 
tention. Splendidly as Sheridan employed it, with his consummate 
genius, it was not he who created the cavalry of the Army of the Po¬ 
tomac. It educated and took care of itself, until Hooker organized 
it into a corps, and it was in its prime, or very nearly so, in the Gettys¬ 
burg days, long before Sheridan commanded it. 

From my point of view, the field of Gettysburg is far wider than 
that which is enclosed in the beautiful landscape about us, though, as 
we may see it here, it was a battle-field vast enough. On this spot, on 
the afternoon of the 3d, a portion of our own regiment came into the 
fight, and at the same hour, or a little later, while Pickett was charg¬ 
ing up Cemetery Ridge — which lies between us and Gettysburg, my 
brother, in the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, was wounded in a brilliant 
cavalry charge, seven miles from where we now stand, at RummePs 
farm yonder in the north-east, where Gregg and Custer checked Stuart’s 
vain attempt to gain the Baltimore Pike, in the rear of the Army of the 
Potomac. The larger field of Gettysburg which I have in mind is the 
great territory lying between the battle-ground and the fords of the 
Rappahannock in Virginia. And while Gettysburg is generally thought 
of as a struggle which began on the 1st and ended on the 3d day of 
July, 1863, the fact will some day be fully recognized that it had its 
beginning many miles from here, and weeks before the cannon echoed 
round these hills. When this fact is fully appreciated, only then it 
will be understood what the cavalry did for the fight at Gettysburg. 

The invasion of Pennsylvania being agreed upon in the Confederate 
councils, General Lee, very early in June, 1863, began to move his 
infantry and artillery from the old Virginia battle-fields of Chancel- 
lorsville and Fredericksburg into the Shenandoah Valley, by way of 
the passes of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and thence straight on 
through Winchester, across the Potomac River into the Cumberland 
Valley, which lies beyond the same mountain range; looming up so 
grandly there in the west. To mask this movement, so dangerous to 
the Union army and to the. North, he sent his cavalry under Stuart to 
cross the Rappahannock at the upper fords, outside of the lines of the 
Army of the Potomac, which lay under Hooker, some twenty miles be¬ 
low at Falmouth, opposite to Fredericksburg, watching Lee, but with 


12 


the river flowing between. Hooker, who was a better general at some 
times than he was at others, had penetrated Lee’s main design, and 
fearing that only a bubble remained in front of him, determined in 
that event to prick it and learn the truth. For this purpose, Pleason- 
ton, in command of the Union Cavalry Corps, crossed the Rappahan¬ 
nock at Kelly’s and Beverly’s Fords, early on the morning of the 9th 
of June, and at Beverly Ford, with mutual surprise, his troops and 
Stuart’s immediately encountered each other. One of the best con¬ 
tested cavalry battles of the war resulted and lasted all day, bringing 
sooner or later the whole cavalry force on both sides into action. 
Stuart had all of his cavalry and we had all of ours; and at nightfall, 
having learned without doubt that Lee had really started his main army 
to invade the North, Pleasonton withdrew quite unmolested from the 
field and awaited Hooker’s further orders ; Stuart’s command being 
badly crippled, and unable to continue the mission on which he had 
gaily departed the day before. It was at Beverly Ford, then, that 
Gettysburg was inaugurated; for the result of that cavalry battle was 
that Stuart, directly confronted now by Pleasonton, and suffering from 
the damage which he had so unexpectedly incurred, abandoned his 
projected raid across the Rappahannock, and skirted close to his own 
army for a time:—useless to Lee, and harmless to the Army of the Poto¬ 
mac. It happened that in this grand fight of Beverly Ford, so fruitful, 
as I shall show, of success to our cause at Gettysburg, the Sixth Penn¬ 
sylvania Cavalry played a leading part, and thereby met with such 
heavy losses of both officers and men, that it came on to the actual 
field of Gettysburg, some three weeks later, with sadly thinned ranks; 
and even this remnant of its former strength was scattered here, by the 
necessities of the time, to various spheres of duty. On the north side 
of the Rappahannock, on the day after Beverly Ford, General Pleason¬ 
ton, on whose staff I was then serving, had all his cavalry out for a re¬ 
view, to see how they had borne the battle. Our regiment was a 
portion then and always afterwards of the Reserve Brigade of regu¬ 
lar cavalry, in the division of the gallant Buford. The regulars were the 
First, Second, Fifth and Sixth, and what was left of our regiment was 
in its place in line. In riding past the ranks for inspection, the two 
generals halted for a moment in front of the Sixth Pennsylvania, and 
Buford said to Pleasonton, “These men did splendidly yesterday; I 


l 3 


call them now the Seventh Regulars.” That was a proud and happy 
moment for all of you who heard it, for Buford was a man who, as 
Artemus Ward said of Washington, never “ slopped over,” and a com¬ 
pliment from him was sure to have been deserved; and he intended 
this as a compliment of the highest kind. The losses of the regiment 
in that battle, in killed, wounded and missing, were, of men and offi¬ 
cers, one hundred and forty-seven. Chief of these in point of rank 
was Major Robert Morris, who was in command; and while I cannot 
speak by name of all our comrades who in our long service fell by the 
way, I wish to pay a passing tribute to his memory. He had lived in 
a narrow and proud circle at home; he was the great-grandson and 
namesake of the famous Robert Morris of the Revolution, and had a fiery 
temper which at first he could not curb; but he was a born soldier, 
and after a little learned by contact that other men were his equals, 
and from that time he was a model cavalry officer. Riding across the 
fatal field beyond Beverly Ford, young, erect and graceful, proud of 
his men as he was proud himself, there was no more gallant figure in 
the army, as he led the regiment, and the regiment led the brigade. 
His wounded horse fell on him in that treacherous ground, and 
he was captured; then Libby Prison broke his heart, and he died 
there. I speak of him, not merely because he was an officer, and not 
to single him out, but as an example to remind you all that as we go 
about our daily avocations and live in the present, as it is our duty to 
ourselves and others to do, we should not forget those noble spirits, of 
whatever rank, who fell and could not have the happiness to know 
that their self-sacrifice was not in vain. 

After Beverly Ford, as Lee pressed through the Shenandoah Valley 
northward with his army, Hooker advanced to the Potomac east of the 
Blue Ridge, over the old Bull Run battle-field, and sent Pleasonton to 
the left to get into Loudon Valley, between the Bull Run Mountains 
and the Blue Ridge, to see if any of Lee’s army remained on this side 
of the range. At Aldie, a gap in the Bull Run Mountains, some 
twelve miles south of the Potomac, the head of Pleasonton’s column 
ran into Stuart’s men ; a savage fight ensued, till Stuart retired. 
Pleasonton soon pushed after him into the Loudon Valley, and in a 
day or two attacked him there with his full force, driving him in an all 
day fight through Upperville, deep into Ashby’s Gap in the Blue 


Ridge, by which the rear of Lee’s infantry was then debouching into 
the Shenandoah Valley. Hooker in the meantime crossed the Poto¬ 
mac undisturbed, and advanced through Maryland to Frederick City, 
where General Meade relieved him of command. Pleasonton soon 
followed Hooker to Frederick City, but meantime Stuart, baffled in his 
efforts to interfere with Hooker’s march, had made a wide detour be¬ 
hind Hooker’s army; crossing the Potomac between it and Washing¬ 
ton, and hastening northward into Pennsylvania to make a junction 
there with Lee. The full effects of this ill-advised adventure on the 
fortunes of Lee, will some day be notorious. Lee bitterly bemoaned 
it, and many able Southern writers agree that it was the cap-stone of 
all his mishaps, leaving him to grope blindly to his fatal and unex¬ 
pected encounter with the Army of the Potomac ; for the cavalry is an 
army’s eyes, and Lee’s were lost to him till the afternoon of the second 
day. Meantime, heedless of Stuart, and protected in front and flank 
by the vigilance of Pleasonton’s cavalry, our army pushed on rapidly 
to find Lee, Meade unfolding his troops like a fan before him, and 
keeping them always between the enemy and the great cities which 
were threatened by Lee’s march. On the left front, Buford, leading, 
surprised the advance of Lee’s infantry in Gettysburg on the 30th day 
of June, and drove them out toward the west, beyond Seminary Ridge, in 
the direction from which they had come. Next morning they returned in 
heavy force, came on “booming” as Buford said, and while Reynolds, 
leading Meade’s infantry column, hurried to Buford’s support, the 
battle of Gettysburg was fairly begun. No one can dispute the facts 
which I have stated, and no one acquainted with them can deny how 
great their influence was on the events which were now to follow. 
Therefore, in your behalf, and in behalf of the Cavalry Corps of the 
Army of the Potomac, I claim for all who shared in the hard-fought 
and successful battles of Beverly Ford, Aldie or Upperville, and in the 
minor cavalry engagements of those days, that the glory won by our 
cavalry men on those fields belongs to them as Gettysburg men, and 
should be so accounted to their honor on this battle-ground, and added 
to that which they justly deserve for their splendid conduct in the three 
days’ fight. 

Let me give you an illustration to enforce this claim. I was late in 
arriving on the field. I had been sent by Pleasonton with a small 


15 


party towards York, far off there in the north-cast, to see if any of 
Lee’s army was thereabouts, and it was the afternoon of the second 
day when, hurrying toward the ridge where the fighting was very heavy, 
to find and report to General Pleasonton, if I could, I encountered 
General Sedgwick just leading the Sixth Corps into action. There 
never was a better commander of a better corps. I had served at his 
headquarters for a short time, and knew him, and stopped to say a word 
to him ; a fine-looking major on Meade’s staff galloped up with a vivid 
expression on his face which you do not often see in every-day life, and 
ordered Sedgwick to hasten forward; matters were evidently serious 
just in front. There was a fearful crash of musketry, and through the 
smoke I saw some men with clubbed muskets in their hands. It was 
just the time when Longstreet’s famous charge of the second day had 
reached its climax. Sedgwick turned to his leading brigade com¬ 
mander, and said, “ Hurry up there ; never mind forming your brigade ; 
pitch in by regiments ! ” and nothing could be finer than the way they 
did it. 

This is probably only one of a hundred such incidents which occur¬ 
red on the field after the battle was fairly joined, but the gallant Sedg¬ 
wick and his noble corps had not till that hour heard a hostile shot 
since Chancellorsville, two months before, while we, who had followed 
the fortunes of the cavalry for the last three weeks, had been in several 
most important actions, all of them bearing directly on Gettysburg, 
and two of them lasting all day long; and it so happened that in the 
Gettysburg campaign not only the cavalry of the Army of the Poto¬ 
mac lost far more men than the Sixth Corps did, but the casualties of 
the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry in killed, wounded and missing, were 
larger than those of the whole Sixth Corps in this same interval, the battle 
included. Not only so, but the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry had nearly 
as many casualties in the campaign as fell to the lot of Hunt’s famous Re¬ 
serve Artillery, which made yonder heights an amphitheatre of fire, and 
had more than befel the whole of Crawford’s Division of the Fifth Corps, 
though as I see by the map, there is a lot here called the Crawford 
land, which seems to be held in memory of their renown. The losses 
of the Cavalry Corps on the actual field of Gettysburg were 849. The 
Twelfth Army Corps, much larger than the Cavalry Corps, and noted 
for its share in the battle, lost 1,081. These figures do not mean much, 


6 


and the percentage of loss sometimes bears but little relation to the 
value of services rendered. The Sixth Corps at Gettysburg lost 242 
men. Sedgwick made a famous march to get here, but he came late 
on the second day, and his mere presence, as he swept on to the field, 
drove the enemy from his front. Afterwards, he was not seriously at¬ 
tacked. The First Corps lost over 6,000 men. The Second and Third 
over 4,000 each ; Meade’s total loss was 23,000 on this field. Great 
campaigns and great battles are charged with electricity, and just 
where the loss will fall depends on where the lightning strikes ; but I 
was speaking of Gettysburg men, and I wanted to show that our Regi¬ 
ment and the Cavalry Corps are members, in good standing, of that 
distinguished company. 

Let me give you another illustration. 

On the Gettysburg battlefield, Merritt, Custer and Farnsworth were 
brigadier-generals of cavalry, and commanded brigades here. At 
Beverly Ford the highest rank they had between them was captain. It 
was there, and afterwards, as we fought our way towards Gettysburg, 
that their brilliant abilities procured for them their deserved promotion. 
Poor Farnsworth fell in the low ground at the base of Round Top, 
on a spot which is almost within sound of my voice; you well know 
the longer and splendid record of the other two. The claim which I 
make for them, for you and for all our Cavalry Corps as Gettysburg 
men, is one which will in good time be recognized by all who ponder 
on this famous battlefield and strive to appreciate the share which fairly 
belongs to every organization and arm eventually to be represented in 
lasting memorials here. 

Two officers of our regiment, Captain Cadwalader and Lieutenant 
Meade, were permanently attached to the staff of the Commanding 
General; I Company under Captain Starr, and E Company under Cap¬ 
tain Carpenter, had also the honor to be on duty at Meade’s headquar¬ 
ters as escort to the General. Both these officers volunteered to act as 
his aides during the three days of battle, and rendered important and 
valuable services which the General acknowledged afterwards in many 
gratifying ways; and General Meade’s good-will was a distinction to 
be proud of. The men on duty with them did hard and excellent 
work, for there is not in a great army any more arduous post than to 
be a cavalry man at the headquarters of the chief. There is some es- 


i7 


cort duty, but this is play when compared with the orderly duty, the 
hard night rides, the bushwhackers in the enemy’s country, the impor¬ 
tant dispatches to be carried, often into the thick of the fight. I 
have known lots of cavalry orderlies, each of whom was worth a dozen 
of some kinds of staff officers who were wandering about, and they 
often saw as much of a battle as any man in it. 

On the third day at Gettysburg, till afternoon, there was not much 
going on of special interest to our own headquarters, and when General 
Pleasonton went off to see General Meade some time during the morn¬ 
ing, he considerately left some of us staff officers behind to get a 
little rest, for we had been riding all over the country, day and night, 
and were completely tired out. I hear a man sometimes say now that 
he is used up, and I look at him and pity his ignorance of his condi¬ 
tion, unless I know that he has been on the Stoneman raid or hustled 
around on horseback in the Gettysburg campaign. 

About one o’clock I was sleeping in the hay-mow of our headquar¬ 
ters barn when an orderly aroused me and said General Pleasonton was 
with General Meade and wanted two staff officers at once; I was to be 
one of them, and bring somebody else along. So I shook up Captain 
Walker of the Fifth Regulars, who was close beside me, and we mounted 
and made for the front. We jogged gently along till we struck the 
Taneytown road, and then turned to the right for Meade’s headquarters, 
which were about a mile up the road, near the Cemetery. Just at that 
instant the boom of two signal guns disturbed the pervading quiet, and 
in another instant we were in the midst of the most fearful concen¬ 
trated artillery fire that gunpowder has ever produced. We were in for 
it! The road was filled with caissons, ammunition wagons and guns 
rumbling along in both directions, and suddenly they were in complete 
blockade, as horse after horse fell dead or wounded in his traces. We 
drew to the right in the open fields and galloped on over the ditches 
and low stone walls that we met with; as I rose to one of these my 
hat blew off and I tried to stop for it, but already a score of wounded 
men from the road were lying beside the wall. My noble, high-strung 
horse plunged frantically when I checked him, and they begged me for 
God’s sake not to trample on them, so I dashed on again through the 
clatter and roar and flying leaves and tree limbs, and in a moment, 
bareheaded but safe, was at Meade’s headquarters. The General and all 


i8 


his staff were just emerging from the little house where they had im¬ 
prudently established themselves, close behind our line of battle and at 
the very centre of the enemy’s concentric fire. I reported to Gen¬ 
eral Pleasonton, but in the awful crash from the batteries near by, and 
from bursting shells and exploding caissons I could scarcely hear what 
the General said as he shouted to me to hurry to some place of shelter. 
In the yard of the house a dozen men and horses lay dead and wounded, 
and every moment a shell would tear up the ground or smash through 
the wall by the roadside. The little farm-house and all about it were 
threatened with immediate destruction, while the earth trembled in this 
world-famous cannonade. Two companies of our regiment, as I have 
said, were at army headquarters and went bravely through this fierce 
ordeal. 

On the morning of the 3d, the remainder of our regiment, with the 
Reserve Brigade under Merritt to which we belonged, returning from 
detached service in the rear of the army, had reached Emmetsburg, 
which is some five miles south of us by the road we are on. About 
noon Merrit began his march up this Emmetsburg road towards the 
enemy’s right flank, but before he pulled out from Emmetsburg one of 
those things happened which may make war lively for a cavalry man. 

Ulric Dahlgren, a dashing and intrepid officer, who afterwards lost 
his life under sad circumstances in a hazardous raid near Richmond, 
and should be kindly remembered for his gallant spirit, though we may 
not approve his somewhat desperate enterprise, had been lately rov¬ 
ing around on a private raid, and somewhere behind the enemy’s lines, 
on the morning of the 2d, had captured a rebel courier with important 
dispatches. He immediately hastened to Meade, reaching him that 
evening, and at his earnest solicitation the Commanding General gave 
him an order on Merritt for some officers and one hundred picked cav¬ 
alry, with whom to renew his raiding along the line of the enemy’s com¬ 
munications over there in the Cumberland Valley; and with this order in 
hand Dahlgren found Merritt at Emmetsburg preparing to move for¬ 
ward. Merritt gave him (pretty reluctantly, I guess) one hundred men 
from our own regiment, with Captain Treichel, of A company, in com¬ 
mand, and Lieutenants Morrow, Whiteford, White and Herkness, and 
soon this fine detachment from ours, bearing away to the left and cross¬ 
ing the Blue Ridge at Monterey Pass, was thrashing around in the en- 


9 


emy’s rear, on the wrong side of the mountains for safety or comfort, or 
for any reasonable hope of accomplishing with such a small party, any¬ 
thing to compensate for the risk they ran. But Dahlgren, little given 
to count the cost, and not responsible for the detachment, pressed 
gaily on, while I have understood that Treichel, with his excellent 
judgment and care for his command, wished them on any errand but 
one like that. Near Greencastle, after various adventures, they came 
upon a section of the enemy’s supply-train, amply guarded by infan¬ 
try and able to take care of itself; but Dahlgren ordered a charge, to 
which the party responded with all their might, and in a moment they 
were in the midst of the wagons banging away and trying to capture 
the train ; but the infantry and cavalry escort was entirely too strong 
for them and they were soon obliged to beat a retreat, and finally to 
scatter to avoid the enemy’s close pursuit. Lieutenant Herkness of our 
regiment was severely wounded and captured, with ten or more of the 
men, and the whole command was badly cut up, while before Treichel 
could get the remnant together again the country about him was swarm¬ 
ing with rebels retreating now from their bitter defeat at Gettysburg. 

I have heard droll stories of how and where Treichel and his party 
hid themselves away till the danger of capture was past, but their ad¬ 
ventures were not in the least amusing to them at the time, as one by 
one or in little groups they came out from their hiding-places and, on 
horseback or on foot, made their way back across the mountains to re¬ 
join the victorious Army of the Potomac. I am sure you will all agree 
with me when I say that they had done their full share according to 
their opportunity, and were Gettysburg men in any sense that any man 
was who, sharing in the campaign with gallantry and zeal, went where 
he was ordered, and did his duty, and took the consequences. 

The best account that I have seen of the conditions existing on the 
Confederate side at the point where the remnant of the Sixth Pennsyl¬ 
vania Cavalry came into the fight on the afternoon of the 3d, as Mer¬ 
ritt with our regiment in advance pushed up this Emmetsburg road, 
has been given in the Century Magazine by the Confederate General 
Law, who commanded Hood’s division of Longstreet’s corps, and, 
holding the extreme right of Lee’s army, was responsible for its pro¬ 
tection. He writes like a good soldier and a reasonable man, and it 
is a pleasure to refer to his narrative and quote it with confidence. The 


20 


purpose with which he wrote was to show, as well as he could, that on 
this outskirt of the battle of the 3d, at the point where he commanded, 
there was, as he says, at least one little silver lining in the cloud that 
hung so darkly over the field of Gettysburg after the disastrous charge 
of Pickett, but he shows, unconsciously, a good deal more that is for¬ 
eign to what he had especially in mind, though it is exactly in line 
with what I wish to demonstrate; and if you will kindly give me your 
close attention now I will try to make it all clear. It is easy to make it 
as plain as day, but like many other essential matters connected with 
Gettysburg it has been lost sight of in controversies. about Sickles’ 
Corps and in cycloramas of Pickett’s charge. The day before, in 
Longstreet’s famous and almost successful rush for Little Round Top, 
Law had charged with his own division (Longstreet’s right) across the 
Devil’s Den and part way up the rocky side of Big Round Top, and 
the line which he held that night he still maintained on the 3d, no 
troops of ours as yet disturbing him at the base of Big Round Top, or 
from the direction of Emmetsburg. Early in the afternoon, when the 
cannonade opened which preceded Pickett’s charge, while Law was 
looking up the valley towards Gettysburg, watching, as he says, the 
grand artillery duel, where the hills on either side were capped 
with flame and smoke, as three hundred guns, about equally divided 
between the two ridges, vomited their iron hail at each other, he was 
threatened with a danger on his right. This was the appearance of 
Kilpatrick’s cavalry which moved up on that flank and commenced 
massing in the body of timber which extended from the base of Big 
Round Top westward, toward Kerns’ house on the Emmetsburg road, 
just in front of us. I am quoting General Law almost word for word, 
but trying at the same time, to put into consecutive order his some¬ 
what disjointed narrative. During the previous night, he says, or 
rather early in the morning of the 3d, two of his batteries were sent 
to General Alexander, commanding the Confederate artillery in the 
centre, to assist in the cannonade of,the Federal position south of 
Cemetery Hill, preparatory to Pickett’s assault. Some hours later, 
about 9 a. m., General Longstreet came over to Law’s position on the 
right, and instructed him to be ready to attack on his front. Please 
mark this well; it is very important. Law does not state it for this 
purpose at all, but it clearly shows that Pickett’s proposed assault was 


21 


known to him long beforehand, and that Longstreet hoped to co-op¬ 
erate with it by moving Law forward on Pickett’s right; but before 
Pickett had started the Union cavalry, as we have seen, threatened Law 
at the most sensitive point. As Kilpatrick moved around the base of 
Big Round Top, Law opened on him with artillery from his own ex¬ 
treme right, and detaching the First Texas Infantry from his main line, 
rushed it down to the fields midway between Big Round Top and this 
Emmetsburg road which we are on, leaving a skirmish-line between 
this regiment and the right of his main line on Round Top, where 
his artillery was at work. The Ninth Regiment of Georgia Infan¬ 
try was already at Kerns’ house, to look after the Emmetsburg road, 
but Law re-inforced it with the Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh and 
Fifty-ninth Georgia, of the same brigade, and at the same time 
Colonel Black, First South Carolina Cavalry, reported to Law with 
about one hundred odds and ends of mounted men and three guns of 
Hart’s horse artillery. These men and the battery were added to the 
force at Kerns’ house, and it is risking little to say that on the whole 
Confederate line at Gettysburg there was hardly a point so well guarded 
by the enemy as this when Merritt’s little cavalry brigade, lacking one 
whole regiment — the Sixth Regulars — and the others reduced by de¬ 
tachments, and the fighting and marching of the last three weeks, came 
up this way from Emmetsburg, and striking Law’s infantry skirmishers 
a mile or so from here, dismounted and drove them, the carbines and 
rifles rattling on both sides of the pike, till the enemy’s line was met 
across the road here at Kerns’ house. It had that confident look of 
being there to stay, which soldiers appreciate, and either Merritt 
called a halt, or Law brought him to a stand, just as you may happen 
to fancy the report of one or the other. I was not on this part of the 
field myself, and I have had no opportunity to get the particulars from 
those who were present, but it makes little difference whose version is 
accepted in a matter of this kind. A brigade of infantry backed by 
an army in position, will stop, if it wishes to, a brigade of cavalry out¬ 
side of the lines of its own army, devoid of support, and simply mov¬ 
ing against the enemy’s flank ; and neither Merritt nor the men under 
him had the least idea of breaking through Lee’s right, alone and un¬ 
supported. 


22 


Kilpatrick, with only Farnsworth’s Brigade of his division (Custer’s 
Brigade was far away at Rummel’s farm with Gregg), ignorant of Mer¬ 
ritt, probably, as Merritt was of him, had meantime pushed forward 
through the woods and now appeared in front of the First Texas Regi¬ 
ment of Infantry, which Law, as I have said, had placed in the open 
between Big Round Top and this Emmetsburg road. What happened 
there has no direct relation to our own regiment nor to Merritt’s com¬ 
mand, but as it was one of the most striking episodes of this grand battle, 
so full of great deeds of war, I will let General Law tell of it in his 
own words, if only to illustrate once more the soldierly spirit of our 
cavalry, and how from first to last it gave unsparing aid to the army 
which triumphed at Gettysburg. 

“I had just returned,” says General Law, “to the position occupied 
by our artillery, which was in the angle formed by the main and flank¬ 
ing lines, when Farnsworth’s cavalry brigade charged the line held by 
the First Texas regiment. It was impossible to use our artillery to any 
advantage owing to the ‘ close quarters ’ of the attacking cavalry with 
our own men — the leading squadrons forcing their horses up to the 
very muzzles of the rifles of our infantry. That portion of the cavalry 
which covered the front of the First Texas regiment was handsomely re¬ 
pulsed ; but the First Vermont regiment, forming the Federal right wing, 
overlapped the First Texas on its left, and, striking the skirmish-line 
only, rode through it into the open valley in rear of our main line on 
the spurs of Round Top. When I first became satisfied, through in¬ 
formation from the Texas skirmishers, that Farnsworth’s Brigade was 
massing in their front, the Ninth Georgia regiment was ordered from 
Kerns’ house to the support of the batteries, the former position being 
now safe, as the other four regiments of Anderson’s Brigade were con¬ 
centrated near that point. Hearing the firing and knowing its cause, 
the Ninth Georgia came up on a run, just as the First Vermont Cavalry 
rode through our skirmish-line, led by General Farnsworth in person. 
Instead of moving directly upon our batteries, the cavalry directed its 
course up the valley towards Gettysburg, passing between the position 
of our artillery and our main line. Watching the direction they had 
taken, I sent Lieutenant Wade, of my staff, rapidly across the valley 
in advance of them, with orders to detach the first regiment he should 
come to, on the main line, and send it down on a run to ‘ head them 


2 3 


off’ ill that direction. He was also ordered to follow the line to the ex¬ 
treme right and direct Colonel Oates (Fifteenth Alabama) to strengthen 
his flanking skirmish-line and to close up the gap on the left of the 
First Texas where the cavalry had broken in. Farnsworth and his 
cavalry, in the mean time, were riding in gallant style, with drawn 
sabres and unopposed, up the valley. As they approached Slyder’s 
house, and as I stood intently watching them, I saw a ragged Confed¬ 
erate battleflag fluttering among the trees at the foot of the opposite 
ridge, and the men with it soon after appeared, running out into the 
open ground on the further side of the valley. It was the Fourth Ala¬ 
bama regiment, Law’s Brigade, which had been taken from the main 
line and sent down by Lieutenant Wade. The men opened fire as 
they ran. The course of the cavalry was abruptly checked and saddles 
were rapidly emptied. Recoiling from this fire, they turned to their 
left and rear, and directed their course up the hill towards the position 
occupied by our batteries. Bachman’s battery promptly changed front 
to its left, so as to face the approaching cavalry, and, together with its 
infantry supports, opened a withering fire at close range. Turning 
again to their left, Farnsworth and the few of his men who remained in 
their saddles directed their course towards the point where they had 
originally broken in, having described by this time almost a complete 
circle. But the gap where they had entered was now closed, and re¬ 
ceiving another fire from that point, they again turned to the left and 
took refuge in the woods near the base of Round Top. When the last 
turn to the left was made, about half a dozen of their number separ¬ 
ated from the main body and escaped by ‘ running the gauntlet ’ to the 
right of the First Texas regiment. 

“ While these movements were in progress I could plainly distinguish 
General Farnsworth, who led the charge, and whom I then supposed 
to be Kilpatrick. He wore a linen havelock over his military cap, and 
was evidently wounded at the time he entered the woods. Here, with 
his little handful of gallant followers, he rode upon the skirmish-line 
of the Fifteenth Alabama regiment, and, pistol in hand, called upon 
Lieutenant Adrian, who commanded the line, to surrender. The skir¬ 
mishers in return fired upon him, killing his horse and wounding Gen¬ 
eral Farnsworth in several places. 


24 


“ As he fell to the ground, Adrian approached him and demanded his 
surrender. He curtly refused to surrender, at the same time killing 
himself with the pistol which he still held in his hand. During the 
afternoon the pickets of the First Texas regiment had been so near the 
point where the Federal cavalry were preparing for the attack as to hear 
their voices distinctly when raised at all above the ordinary tone. Just 
before the charge was made they heard some one say, in an excited, 
angry tone, ‘ Colonel, if you are afraid to attack, by God, I will lead 
the charge myself. ’ I afterwards learned that the speaker was General 
Kilpatrick, and that the words were addressed to General Farnsworth, 
who was aware of the difficulties of the movement, and would not have 
made it if the matter had been left to his own judgment. However 
this may have been, he certainly bore himself with the most conspicu¬ 
ous gallantry throughout that fatal charge.” 

The only comment which I venture to make on such a strange dra¬ 
matic scene, is this: that if Kilpatrick really dared Farnsworth to 
charge, it was a crime; for there was not in either army at Gettysburg 
a more gallant soldier than Farnsworth, and though the story has been 
told before, I hope it is not true, that he rode to his death with that 
contemptible taunt goading him to a cruel fate. Here, where we stand, 
the remnant of our regiment, with Major Hazeltine in command, was 
on Merritt’s front line, astride the Emmetsburg pike, with Captain 
W. W. Frazier commanding on the right, and Captain J. Hinckley 
Clark commanding on the left. The Regulars were on their right and 
left flank, with some behind them in reserve, and Graham’s battery of 
horse artillery was somewhere on the line. Just in front of Frazier, 
here at Kerns’ house, some of Law’s infantry had taken possession of 
the windows and outbuildings, and their fire was very annoying. Graham 
fired a shot or two into the house, and then it ceased from troubling. 
The official records of Merritt’s Brigade show that the loss of our regi¬ 
ment on this line was three killed and seven wounded. In effect, the 
operations of Merritt’s Brigade just at this point were not, and in the 
nature of things could not be, of a very aggressive character. No one 
familiar with the circumstances can fail to see that he had far too little 
force to do anything but create a diversion on this flank of Lee’s army 
which was strongly and cautiopsly held. The whole point of the opera¬ 
tions of the Union cavalry on this ground has, as I have said before, 


2 5 


been almost entirely missed by commentators, on Gettysburg, but never¬ 
theless it remains true that at no part of the whole field of battle was a 
small force of either side used more effectively on the other, without 
corresponding loss of life. 

I have shown you that early in the morning of the 3d, Longstreet 
came over here and ordered Law to be ready to attack the infantry of 
the Army of the Potomac in his front, as a supporting movement to 
Pickett’s charge, which was to occur on Law’s immediate left. During 
the afternoon of the 3d, when Pickett was charging, and especially 
after his charge had failed, there never was perhaps a command on any 
battlefield which needed support so badly as Pickett did, and yet 
mainly on account, as it may be fairly assumed, of the threatening opera¬ 
tions of the Union cavalry on this flank, Law’s Division on Pickett’s 
right did not move a single man from the line of battle taken up the 
day before, except those troops which were sent to oppose the menac¬ 
ing Union cavalry. 

The dense fog that shrouded the valley of the Rappahannock when we 
crossed at Beverly Ford on the morning of the 9th of June seems now 
like a veil set there that we should not guess the consequences of the 
first step in the Gettysburg campaign; and the rain which drenched 
this battlefield on the evening of July 3d, seems now to have been sent 
by Providence to wash away the stains of the long and bloody encounter 
which was finally brought about at Gettysburg. In that three weeks 
interval of hard cavalry service, all of it bearing directly on Gettys¬ 
burg, this regiment took a most honorable part. Therefore, standing 
here, and picturing with swift recollection what I have described of 
our regiment’s portion in this glorious campaign and battle, we may 
all join in the well-founded claim that we belong in the front rank of 
Gettysburg men; and there can be no higher honor. 

Colonel Bachelder : —In tendering this memorial stone, designed by 
Captain Frank Furness, one of our own number, to the care and keeping 
of the Gettysburg Battlefield Association, I wish to say, as the repre¬ 
sentative on this occasion of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, that the 
regiment had the happy fortune to be well officered and well manned, 
and that it was a regiment of harmony and good will; that it was one 
in which merit and bravery received encouragement, as is shown by 
the large number of promotions from the ranks; that its record fulfilled 


26 


the full term of the war, and is in every part an honor to the State; 
and speaking now with one voice for the survivors and for those who 
are no longer with us to be heard, we think that in the Gettysburg cam¬ 
paign we worthily earned this cherished memorial of our services, and 
deserve that it shall receive your watchful care and protection, to 
which we now commend it. 

The monument was then unveiled while Trumpeter Ellis Pugh sounded 
various bugle-calls. On behalf of the Battlefield Memorial Association 
Colonel J. B. Bachelder accepted the monument in very appropriate 
terms, and a few more bugle-calls ended the dedicatory ceremonies. 
The party then took their carriages and under the direction of Captain 
Long, one of the battlefield guides, rode to all the main points of in¬ 
terest, and had the course of the battle explained in a most graphic 
and interesting manner. In the evening Chaplain Gracey held services 
in the Opera House, which were attended by all the party and many of 
the townspeople. It was a fitting termination to a day of unalloyed 
pleasure to all the members of the “ Old Sixth ” and their families and 
friends. On the morning of the 15th a brief business meeting was 
held in the Opera House, after which most of the party took carriages 
and visited the field again. Quite a number, principally those who had 
been in the battle, went out to the monument and confirmed the judg¬ 
ment of the Committee that it was located on just the right spot. At 
one o’clock the party again assembled at the station and starting on 
their homeward journey arrived safely in Philadelphia early in the 
evening, tired but happy, and resolved to have the annual reunion on 
June 9th 1889 at Gettysburg. The following are the names of the 
members of the Regiment who formed the party to Gettysburg: 

(General Charles L. Leiper, Colonel F. C. Newhall, Colonel J. 
Hinckley Clark, Colonel George Meade, Major Benoni Lockwood, 
Captain William W. Frazier, jr., Captain Frank Furness, Lieutenant 
Edwin L. Tevis, Lieutenant William Call, Lieutenant M. Golden, 
Chaplain S. L. Gracey, William J. Durrell, President Sixth Pennsyl¬ 
vania Cavalry Veteran Association; William J. Kramer, Treasurer; 
Alfred S. Patton, Secretary; James Blascheck, M. Bell, William R. 
Brinton, D. N. Catanach, E. J. Chester, Daniel Christian, John Clif¬ 
ford, C. H. Dunkle, J. Donahoe, J. Dougherty, J. J. Dougherty, J. 


27 


Dunseith, Joseph S. Esterly, L. Essick, L. W. Evans, G. Faull, F. T. 
Fries, J. T. Hardcastle, C. J. Ivans, W. H. Johnson, G. Jordan, 
Charles W. Kerns, Edward Klemroth, Henry Lee, D. Leech, J. 
McCabe, F. McHenry, J. McHenry, P. McNulty, J. Y. Marshal, J. 
Massey, J. S. Moore, John M. Murphy, William O’Meara, Hugh Os¬ 
born, J. F. Rausenberger, H. Robeson, William J. Roney, J. Rumboltz, 
A. Schauble, George Scypes, T. G. Sharp, John Shields, J. C. Simp¬ 
son, B. Sontheimer, J. A. Stevenson, William Straun, W. W. Sweisfort, 
J. W. Tintsman, Isaac Wagner, John Wagner, John B. Wells, W. G. 
Wheeler, G. D. Whitcomb and J. H. Worrall. 

Accompanying the party and adding much to the pleasure of the 
trip were a number of the members’ families, viz. : Mrs. James Bias- 
check, Mrs. D. N. Catanach, Mrs. Daniel Christian, Mrs. Edward 
Klemroth, Mrs. W. J. Kramer and neice, Mrs. H. Lee, Mr. 
Samuel M. Leiper, Mrs. J. McCabe and daughter, Mrs. J. S. Moore, 
Mrs. John M. Murphy, Mr. O’Meara, Mrs. Hugh Osborn, Mrs. J. F. 
Rausenberger, Mrs. William J. Roney, Mrs. B. Sontheimer, Mrs. W. 
W. Sweisfort and Mrs. J. B. Wells, and the following friends, Mr. and 
Mrs. Housekeeper, Mrs. Roats, Mrs. White, Colonel W. H. Harrison, 
late Second U. S. Cavalry; S. Lloyd Fleming, late Sixth U. S. Cav¬ 
alry; John Barlow, late Seventy-first Penna. Vols. ; Ellis Pugh, Trum¬ 
peter First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry; Senator Jacob Crouse, 
Dr. Owen J. Wister, Mr. John B. Large, Mr. John T. Lewis, jr., Mr. 
Henry Dale, Mr. Charles Hoffman, Mr. Jacoby, Mr. James Marshall, 
Mr. Sharp, Mr. G. W. Slaughter, Mr. Stainback and Mr. G. Winne- 
berger. 

Too much credit cannot be given the Committee who worked hard 
from the time they were appointed. The complete success of their 
labors and the thorough appreciation and gratification of the comrades 
must be a full return to them. Mention, however, should be made 
specially of Captain William W. Frazier, jr., whose kind thoughtful¬ 
ness made it possible for a number of the veterans to make the trip; 
of Colonel J. Hinckley Clark, who has made it possible to publish this 
book; of William J. Kramer,who attended to the details connected 
with the monument and the finances of the Association; of Captain 
Frank Furness, who made and presented the design of the monument; 
of Alfred S. Patton, Secretary of the Veteran Association, who has 


28 


from its formation to the present time faithfully performed the arduous 
duties of his position; of Colonel George Meade, who did his full 
duty on the Committee; and last, but not least, of General Charles L. 
Leiper, whose pride and active interest in everything connected with 
the Regiment, and whose fatherly care for the comfort and welfare of 
all his old companions in arms, not only on this occasion but on all 
others, has proved him as thoughtful and considerate a friend in time 
of peace, as he was a brave and gallant soldier in time of war. 


/ 


2 9 

ORGANIZATION AT 
MUSTER-OUT OF THE REGIMENT. 
JUNE, 1865. 


Field and Staff. 


Colonel . 

Lieutenant- Colonel 
Alajors . 

Adjutant 

Quartermaster 

Surgeons 

Chaplain 


Charles L. Leiper. 
Albert P. Morrow.* 
Abraham D. Price.* 
Charles B. Coxe. 
Bernard Ii. Herkness* 
Charles A. Newhall. 

J. W. Mcllhenney.* 
Daniel B. Swift. 
William B. Henderson. 
Joseph J. Yocum. 

S. Levis Gracey. 


Archer Maris.* 

Edward Whiteford. 
Richard M. Sheppard.* 
Charles A. Vernou. 


Captains. 

Andrew L. Lanigan.* 
Isaac T. Moffatt.* 
Samuel R. Colladay.* 


T. Campbell Oakman. 
William R. Wright. 
James H. Workman.* 
Edward J. Hazel* 


Charles White.* 
Joseph D. Price. 
Henry J. Toudy.* 


First Lieutenants. 

Henry B. Hertz.* 
William Scott.* 
Michael J. Golden* 


William Carey* 

John M. Odenheimer.* 
Abiah T. Smedley.* 


Second Lieutenant. 
George W. Buckingham.* 


* Promoted from the ranks. 

























r 



















































OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN 


OF THE 

SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY 

WHO DIED DURING THE WAR, 

1861-1865. 


This list has been compiled from the “ Muster-out Rolls,” “ Bates’ History of 
Pennsylvania Volunteers,” “ Annals Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry,” and other available 
sources, and — though felt to be defective — it is believed to be as complete a list as 
can be made at this late date. 

The asterisk (*) before a name indicates promotion from the ranks. 

The dagger (f) indicates place and cause of death unknown. 



Officers a?ici Enlisted Men of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry who died during the War of i86i-i86j . 


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Officers and Enlisted Men of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry who died during the War of i86i—i86y. 



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Killed and Died of 

Wounds. 

Died from Disease, Accident, 

in Prison, etc. 


Officers. 

j En. Men. 

Total. 

Officers. 

En. Men. 

Total. 

Total Deaths 

Field & Staff. 

4 


1 

4 

2 


2 

6 

A 

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16 

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8 

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4 

4 

15 

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6 

6 

8 

M 


8 

8 


4 

4 

12 


7 

67 

74 

n 

J 1 

95 

98 

172 

































E TA7 

OCP 


DEDICATION OF THE MONUMENT 


Sixth Penna 


‘LANCERS 


BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG 
October 14,1888. 



JAMES BEALE, Printer, 719 Sansom St., Phila. 







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